Cool eyes on the world

The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses are the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century. Work is ongoing at this site, which is around 1.5 kilometers east of Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum in Lintong, Xian, Shaanxi Province. It is a sight not to be missed by any visitor to China.

Upon ascending the throne at the age of 13 (in 246 BC), Qin Shi Huang, later the first Emperor of all China, had begun to work for his mausoleum. It took 11 years to finish. It is speculated that many buried treasures and sacrificial objects had accompanied the emperor in his after life. A group of peasants uncovered some pottery while digging for a well nearby the royal tomb in 1974. It caught the attention of archeologists immediately. They came to Xian in droves to study and to extend the digs. They had established beyond doubt that these artifacts were associated with the Qin Dynasty (211-206 BC).

Terracotta warriors stand in battle array.

Terracotta warriors stand at attention.

The State Council authorized to build a museum on site in 1975. When completed, people from far and near came to visit. Xian and the Museum of Qin Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses have become landmarks on all travelers’ itinerary.

Life size terracotta figures of warriors and horses arranged in battle formations are the star features at the museum. They are replicas of what the imperial guard should look like in those days of pomp and vigor.

The museum covers an area of 16,300 square meters, divided into three sections: No. 1 Pit, No. 2 Pit, and No. 3 Pit respectively. They were tagged in the order of their discoveries. No. 1 Pit is the largest, first opened to the public on China’s National Day, 1979. There are columns of soldiers at the front, followed by war chariots at the back.

Bronze Chariot and Horses

No. 2 Pit, found in 1976, is 20 meters northeast of No. 1 Pit. It contained over a thousand warriors and 90 chariots of wood. It was unveiled to the public in 1994.Archeologists came upon No. 3 Pit also in 1976, 25 meters northwest of No. 1 Pit. It looked like to be the command center of the armed forces. It went on display in 1989, with 68 warriors, a war chariot and four horses.

Altogether over 7,000 pottery soldiers, horses, chariots, and even weapons have been unearthed from these pits. Most of them have been restored to their former grandeur.

The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses is a sensational archeological find of all times. It has put Xian on the map for tourists. It was listed by UNESCO in 1987 as one of the world cultural heritages.

Logos of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Army Museum and Mausoleum Site Museum

On October 10 2009, the 35th anniversary of the discovery of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the logo of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Army Museum was announced to the public. The logo geometrically abstracts the terracotta warriors and horses, in which every warrior is generalized into a round dot, and the collective dots resemble the combat formation. Above the dots, a long curve stands for the vast vault and rolling Lishan Mountain. The overall design is exactly like the sealing earth of the Mausoleum and also implies that the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Army Museum is a part of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Site Museum.

In the meantime, the logo of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Site Museum was published. The design perfectly blends the appearance of the sealing earth of the Mausoleum with Chinese character “Qin” written in mini-seal script. The middle pattern is drawn from the decoration of the eaves tile in Qin Dynasty, and also highlights the strength of Qin military. The logo is a sign of the military culture in Qin Dynasty.

In the year 64 of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), Emperor Ming sent a delegation of his men to study Buddhism in the western world. After three years, two eminent Indian monks, She Moteng and Zhu Falan, came back with the delegation. They brought with them a white horse carrying Buddhist sutras and Buddhist figures on its back. This was the first time that Buddhism appeared in China.

To express his thanks to the two monks and their white horse, the emperor ordered the building of a monastery which he named the White Horse Temple during the following year. During this time, the two monks were busy translating sutras in the temple until they completed the Chinese sutra ‘Forty-two Chapter Sutra’, which attracted many monks and meant that the temple became a centre for Buddhist activity in China. It is for this reason that the temple is honored as the ‘Founder’s Home’ and the ‘Cradle of Buddhism in China’.

The temple, which is located about seven miles away from the city of Louyang, is covered with green ancient trees and appears solemn and tranquil. Outside the gate, there is a pool with fences around and lovely fish in the water. It is for the believers to set free the captive animals. After crossing the pool via a stone bridge, you will enter the temple. To the east and west of the gate are the tombs of She Moteng and Zhu Falan, which are one of the six most famous sights in the temple. In the east corner stands a tablet pavilion. The Chinese characters written on the tablet are the work of a Chinese calligrapher abbot Shamen Wencai, designed during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-368). They are written in his familiarly free and easy style and describe the history of the temple.

The temple boasts great antique architecture which has remained intact for over 1,900 years. The Hall of Heavenly Kings, Hall of the Great Buddha, Hall of Mahavira, Hall of Guidance and the Cool and Clear Terrace appear in proper order in the temple, as they were when it was first built.

 Hall of Heavenly Kings

This hall was originally built in the Yuan Dynasty. In the middle of the hall sits a laughing Buddha – Maitreya. It is said that the Buddha was once incarnated as a beggar monk with a purse, which actually contained all the treasures of the world. The shrine is made of wood with over 50 vivid dragons carved into it and is truly a remarkable example of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) culture. On either side of Maitreya stand the four majestic ‘Celestial Kings’. Each holds a different weapon and all four are clay sculptures moulded during the Qing Dynasty.

 Hall of the Great Buddha

This hall boasts the most spectacular architecture in the whole temple. The roof is covered with exquisite pantiles; the upturned eaves and the bracket system reflect the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). A statue of the Buddhist patriarch Sakyamuni stands in the middle of the hall for people to make offerings to. He is flanked by two of his disciples – Kasyapa and Ananda. The one with sutra in his hands is the Bodhisattva of Wisdom – Manjusri. The other is the Bodhisattva of Universal Benevolence – Samantabhadra. All of these statues provide vivid portraits with smooth lines and demonstrate a high level of craftsmanship of the Ming Dynasty.

 Hall of Mahavira

This is the most magnificently decorated hall in the temple. The roof is carved with colorful lotus patterns and the walls are hung with thousands of the wooden statues of Buddhist figures. In the centre of the hall stands a two-storey Buddhist shrine exquisitely carved with birds in flight and giant winding dragons which lend the shrine its awesome appearance. The three saints Sakyamuni, Amitabha and the Buddha of Medicine look jovial with the eighteen arhats standing around and all are made from silk and hemp. Each one weighs only three to five kilograms (about seven to eleven pounds). The colors on these statues are still as fresh today as when they were first produced during the Yuan Dynasty. They are priceless treasures of the nation.

 Hall of Guidance

This hall is where the Amitabha Buddha is worshipped and is the smallest in the temple. This Buddha is in charge of the Western Paradise. On his right and left are the Bodhisattva of Moonlight and the Goddess of Mercy respectively. Both sculptures are captured in clay and were produced during the Qing Dynasty. It is said that at the words of ‘Amitabha Buddha’, one will be led to the Paradise after death. Amitabha is therefore known as the Buddha of Guidance, hence the name of the hall.

 The Cool and Clear Terrace

This is a high brick terrace built in the yard at the rear of the temple where the sutras and Buddhist figures, brought back by the white horse, were once stored. It is also the place where the two Indian monks translated the sutras during the Eastern Han Dynasty. The terrace was the first place at which Buddhist sutras were translated in China and for this reason, it is one of the most famous locations in the temple.

Outside the temple, there is a tiered brick pagoda named Qiyun Pagoda, which is actually the oldest of China’s ancient pagodas. It is the earliest example of ancient architecture in Luoyang and also one of the most precious Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) structures in the Central Plains of China. Standing south of the pagoda and clapping your hands, you will discover that the echoes you hear sound quite similar to the noise of frogs croaking. This perplexing phenomenon attracts many curious tourists every day.

Keep reading on Shanghai China travel/ Shanghai travel guide

Taihu Lake is located in the Yangtze River Delta Center, 55 kilometers east to west, 68 kilometers north to south, across the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, is China’s one of the five largest freshwater lakes. Taihu Lake is rich in resources of fish, known as “the Big Dipper Golden Sunrise,” “natural fish bank” reputation, its varieties of plum Coilia nasus fish, big silver fish, small silver fish, carp, carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp , Hua Lian, bream, blackfish, whitefish, red snapper, mandarin fish and other 106 varieties. Taihu many fish, especially the three white lake, Taihu Sambo, Ju Huang Xie Fei, but also the specialty of Taihu Lake. In order to clarify three white, three treasures, and we went to the home floor hotel, ask where the shopkeepers and craftsmen. 

        Tin Ping Mountain is located 3 kilometers Mudu Town, NATO is the main peak Mudu scenic area, elevation 201 meters, covering about 100 hectares. Peak Euparagonimus the name of their Tin Ping Shan, compounded by Fan Chung-yen of the emperor was buried in the foothills of the mountains were Van grave. 
        Tin Ping Mountain, beautiful scenery, magnificent and unusual, especially, “rocks, springs, ancient Feng” as the most, saying “balance Ruin.” 

The Ancient Pine Garden at Shantang Street is famous for a 500-year-old LuoHan pine of Ming Dynasty in the garden. It was originally the residence of a rich man Cai Shaoyu of Mudu, in the late Qing Dynasty. This garden is compact in overall arrangement and well preserved to the date. The well-decorated brick-carving gate tower is vivid both in appearance and manner. The eight lutes inscribed on the square rafters of the garden have the auspicious meaning of the get-together of eight notes . Such a style has no comparison among the gardens and architectures in the south of the Yangtze River. Being the prior-period pieces of the Engraved Building of the Dongshan town, the Phoenix Tower presents exactly the same architecture and engraving art.